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(No Model.)

I I 3 Sheets-Sheet 1. RP. LEE. KILN FOR BURNING CLAY GOODS.

Patented Nov} 16, 1897.

WTtnesses 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

B P. LEE KILN FOR BURNING CLAY GOODS.

Patentd Nov. 16,1897.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

E. P. LEE. N FOR BURNING CLAY GOODS.

(No Model.)

KIL

No. 593,723. Patented Nov. I6, 1897.

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' NITED STATES PATENT.

.EDWIN,PALMER LEE, OF CARDIFF, ENGLAND.

KILN FOR BURNlNG CLAY GOODS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 593,723, dated November 16, 1897. Application filed March 11, 1896. Serial No. 582,703. (No model.) Patented in England December 1, 1892, Np. 21,945.

To all whom/it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EDWIN PALMERLEE, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Oardifi, Glamorgan county, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns for Burning Clay for Salt Glazing,

1 the gases induce and (which has been patented to me in Great Britain under date of December 1, 1892, No. 21,945,) of which the following is aspecification.

The invention applies to all that class of kilnsin which fuel is economized by using the partially-cooled products of combustion from the first kiln in another kiln in which the preliminary warming has been commenced and is nearly ready for burning and leading the products of combustion from the second kiln to another containing greener goods, and so on. I have devised a peculiar arrangement of flues provided with controlling-dampers connecting a series of kilns with each other and with the stack.

My improvement allows a correspondinglygraduated cooling of the several kilns when the burning is complete, receiving the fresh cold air into a kiln which is nearly cooled, discharging the partially-warmed air into another kiln in which the cooling has made less progress, and discharging the hotter air therefrom into the least cool one in which the firing has but just been completed. My invention attains great perfection in the combustion by utilizing the fresh air heated by the cooling of the goods, so that it will on mingling with the complete combustion of any unburned material which may remain therein. In burning the contents of each kiln the hot gases are delivered to each kiln below the perforated bottom thereof. After ascending through the green goods and drying the same the hot gases are drawn off to act similarly in another kiln containing greener goods, and so on throughout as many kilns as the heat retained will profitably allow. I conduct the'heat given off from the goods in cooling to the back of the furnace of a kiln in which goods are in process of burning and thus obtain very perfect combustion and economy in fuel.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a sectional plan on the line y y of Goods, also for Burning Sanitary Ware Fig. 2 of a rectangular kiln constructed and provided with flues and dampers in accordance with this invention. Fig. 2 represents a vertical section on the line m w in Fig. 1. ig. 3 shows a series of such kilns. In this latter figure the fines are indicated by dotted lines. At Fig. 4 of the drawings is represented a sectional plan'of a circular kiln constructed and fitted with flues in accordance with this invention. Fig. 5 is a corresponding vertical section on the line y y in Fig. 4, and Fig. 6 is a general plan of a series of such flues.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding' parts in all the figures where they appear.

I will describe generally the mode of work-.

ing with reference to Fig. 3 of the drawings for a general plan and Figs. 1 and 2 for details.

From the flue a, which connects the kilns with the stack, are carried branch flues b, which communicate with the main or trunk flue 0, connecting all the kilns in a series. From the flue c branch flues d are carried into the kilns communicating with the perforated bottom, which is of an ordinary type. Opening into the top of the flues e are apertures f, Figs. 1 and 2, which are provided for acting in an upward direction to supply hot air from a kiln behind to the back of the furnaces of the kiln being fired and for acting at another period in a downward direction to extract the steam or hot air from a kiln which is being dried off by the hot draft proceeding from a burning kiln behind. Apertures g constitute passages for communication between the flue c and flues e. The branch flues d are controlled by dampers h and k, and theflues b are controlled by dampers m. The main or trunk flue c is controlled by dampers and Z. The flue a is controlled by dampers n. It may for convenience be assumed that the goods contained in kiln No. 1 have been dulyburned and require to be cooled. Instead of admitting coldair directly for this purpose and thereby risking injury to the goods the air may be drawn from, say, No. 6, in which the goods have been in process of cooling for some time. The air from No. 6 is drawn warm into No. 1 through the flues c and b, and the cooling of the goods in No. 1 is effected gradually.

Assuming the goods contained in kiln No. 2 to be in process of burning, the heat from kiln No. 1 is drawn through the fines (Z'of kiln No. 1 into the main flue c and passes thence into the fiues e of kiln No. 2, whence it is discharged through the apertures f behind the bridges of the furnaces, and encountering the flame therein insures more complete combustion, thus effecting economy in fuel. The heat produced during the process of burning the contents of kiln N o. 2 is then conducted to kiln No. 3, the fire-holes of which are made air-tight by suitable covers, and by opening the dampers 71., 7:, and Zis directed upward through the perforated fioor of the kiln and the goods contained therein; The moisture extracted from the goods passes behind the screens or bag-walls s and is carried downward through the apertures f into the fines e and through apertures 9 into the main flues c and thence. into the stack 0 through flues Z) and a. The position of the stack 0 may vary according to convenience. \Vhen the moisture has been removed from kiln No. 3, the process may be repeated in a similar manner with respect to kilns Nos. 4 and 5 by closing as many of the dampers m as may be necessary.

In the rectangular kilns dampers q are provided to enable any kiln to be shut out of the series when desired. At such times the dampers q are closed over the openings g, leading into the fines e, and the dampersj and t being raised an uninterrupted passage is afforded for the heat through the main flue c underneath the kiln without leakage or counterd raft through the openings g, which would occur unless the said openings were closed by the dampers q. Access to the dampers q is afforded through suitable holes at p.

The system of fines may be extended to kilns Nos. 7 and 8 without interfering with the working of the other kilns of the series.

The method of working with circular kilns and the fiues and dampers therein, as shown in Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7, is substantially the same as that hereinbefore described with ref erence to rectangular kilns, except that the fines 6 existing in the latter case are dispensed with in the former and the apertures f are made in the fines (l.

The system of fines and dampers may be applied to other shaped kilns besides those shown in the drawings.

I claim as my invention The eombination with a series of kilns, arranged in parallel groups and having the bag-walls s, of the stack, the main line adelivering to the same, and extending between and connecting with the kilns of both groups through damper-controlled branch fiues b, b, dampers m, m, for the latter and dampers 'n, n, for the main flue, together with traversing fiues c, (1, cl, arranged as shown and having direct and independently-eontrolled damper communication at both sides of the kiln with the stack, the fiues c, (Ld, communicating through the bottom of the kiln with the interior thereof, the arrangement being such that fluid circulation may be reversed from the rear of the bag-walls through the bottom and any kiln of either group may be placed in direct communication with one or more kilns of its own or of the other group, to supply or be supplied with heated air or gases, substantially as herein specified.

EDWIN PALMER LEE. lVitnesses:

FRANCIS LEE, GEORGE WM. DRURY. 

